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Pakistan’s Nuclear Program and International Community

September 25th, 2011 |

Shaheen 01(1) Pakistans Nuclear Program and International Community

Pakistan’s Nuclear Program was started in 1974, in response to India's Smiling Buddha nuclear test, Prime Minister Z. A. Bhutto announced:

“If India builds the bomb, we will eat grass and leaves for a thousand years, even go hungry, but we will get one of our own. The Christians have the bomb, the Jews have the bomb and now the Hindus have the bomb. Why not the Muslims too have the bomb?

Dr A Q Khan Pakistans Nuclear Program and International Community

Pakistan began focusing on nuclear weapons development in January 1972 under the leadership of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, who delegated the program to the Chairman of PAEC Munir Ahmad Khan. In 1976, Abdul Qadeer Khan also joined the nuclear weapons program, and, with Zahid Ali Akbar, headed the Kahuta project, while the rest of the program being run in PAEC and comprising over twenty laboratories and projects was headed by Munir Ahmad Khan. This program would reach its completion under President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. Pakistan's nuclear weapons development program was in response to neighboring India's development of nuclear weapons. Z.A. Bhutto called a meeting of senior academic scientists and engineers on 20 January 1972, in Multan, which came to known as Multan meeting. Bhutto was the main architect of this program and it was here that Z.A. Bhutto devised Project-706 and rallied Pakistan's academic scientists to build the atomic bomb for national survival.

Chagai nuclear team Pakistans Nuclear Program and International Community

Finally, on 28 May 1998, a few weeks after India's second nuclear test (Operation Shakti), Pakistan detonated five nuclear devices in the Chagai Hills in the Chagai district, Balochistan. This operation was named Chagai-I by Pakistan, the base having been long-constructed by provincial martial law administrator Rahimuddin Khan during the 1980s. Pakistan's fissile material production takes place at Nilore, Kahuta, and Khushab/Jauharabad, where weapons-grade plutonium is made by the scientists. Pakistan thus became the 7th country in the world to successfully develop and test nuclear weapons.

International Nuclear Power Nations:

Nuclear Club is the term used for the five countries which are believed to have the nuclear weapons. They are USA, Russia, France, United Kingdom and China. These are countries which have signed to NPT. (Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty). The countries which have not signed the NPT yet are India, Pakistan and North Korea. Pakistan insists that it will not sign it until India does so to keep the balance of power equal in the region. Israel is strongly believed to have nuclear weapons but it does not admit so. South Africa has already dismantled its nuclear arsenal and has rolled back its program.

Shaheen Missile Pakistans Nuclear Program and International Community

What international community fears most is the protection or security of the nuclear arsenal in Pakistan but Pakistan’s responsible authorities and government officials including Former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has said that it is in safe hands and it’s impossible to infiltrate into the nuclear facilities of Pakistan.

Pakistani missles on display Pakistans Nuclear Program and International Community

Now the need of the time is to use nuclear power for the benefit for the nation especially to produce cheap electric power and provide energy to industrial projects in Pakistan.

Truck mounted Missiles Pakistans Nuclear Program and International Community

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Posted in Pakistan1, Politics1, Science1 |

Tags: Pakistan Atomic Energy, Pakistan Nuclear Program |

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Environment Conditions in Pakistan

September 13th, 2011 |

Author: Farrukh Saeed

The environmental conditions in Pakistan are a matter of great concern. A number of serious environmental problems are present in Pakistan, which are of great ecological concern in terms of its sustainable economic future. These include: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, limited natural fresh water resources, soil erosion, pesticide misuse, deforestation, desertification, urban pollution, salinity etc.

Air pollution Environment Conditions in Pakistan

Air pollution is directly responsible for a large number of respiratory disease cases, and resultantly, the deaths are caused by them.

A recently conducted study in Karachi has revealed that in the last two years, the city has seen more people die in winters, possibly due to the fall in winter temperatures in comparison with previous years. The climate change has increased the rates of cardiovascular diseases, stress, psychological disorders and skin diseases, revealed a research of the European Union carried out by the University of Karachi (KU) Department of Sociology faculty members.

The research team has also found that increasing pollution due to the increase of vehicles and industrial units in the most congested areas of the city has changed the weather pattern which is leading to all sorts of health problems. Though the increasing pollution is the cause behind the change in the city’s temperature, however, the changes in the architectural structures is creating dangerous heat-zones in most congested residential and commercial areas where the summer heat is trapped.

Fast deteriorating environment across the country is causing a huge financial burden to the economy, which is estimated to the tune of Rs 365 billion per annum, this was stated by Federal Minister for Environment.

Mercury Environment Conditions in Pakistan

Rise in global temperatures likely lead to an eastward shift in monsoon circulation, which result in less rainfall over Pakistan that have a major impact on agriculture, human health, and the economies of the region.

In Pakistan, however, despite a rapid increase in pollution, no awareness programs have been launched to apprise the general population of the threat posed by different diseases.

The overall pace of environmental improvement in industrial sector is quite sluggish. Neither the industry nor the Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) with their meager staff and resources could make any headway in controlling environment degradation.

water pollution 1 Environment Conditions in Pakistan

Pollution of air and water, climate change, ozone depletion, vanishing biodiversity, land degradation, lack of waste management, lack of urban land use planning and zoning and irrational use of natural resources had resulted in ecological imbalances, threatening life and civilization. These imbalances, created by man the over time, need to be addressed with strategic environmental planning and integrated management immediately.

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Posted in Pakistan1, Science1 |

Tags: Air pollution, Environment, Natural resource, Pakistan, Pollution, Water resources |

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The Most Unique Egg Shells……….!!

April 5th, 2011 |

Author: KAMRAN

These egg shells were cut with a high intensity precision Laser Beam. This gives a very good idea of what can be achieved with a Laser Beam. This gives you an idea what laser surgery performed on one's eye is all about. Is it any wonder how one's vision can be improved in just a few moments? Science is sometimes wonderful, and it's still on the frontier of gaining new knowledge. Incredible what can be done with an eggshell and a laser beam.

chickeneggsfun The Most Unique Egg Shells..........!!

decoratedeggs The Most Unique Egg Shells..........!!

designoneggs The Most Unique Egg Shells..........!!

eggbeauty The Most Unique Egg Shells..........!!

fantasticeggs The Most Unique Egg Shells..........!!

uniqueeggs The Most Unique Egg Shells..........!!

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Posted in Facts of Life1, Pictures1, Science1 |

Tags: Great artistic work, Great Laser Beam effects on Eggs, Laser beam art, Laser treatment, Science |

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Achieve Your Career Goal with Accredited Online Degree

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Online degree program specifically designed for individuals who cannot quit their jobs for higher studies. On the internet, there are many universities and colleges who have designed different advanced online degree programs for online education seekers. These online courses provide great solution to those students who are doing work and don’t want to quit their job while proceeding further education. Online education saves money, time and offers opportunity to those who may have never had it in the past. You must consider following points before choosing your online degree program and institute.

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Degree obtained from accredited universities and colleges can provide you recognition no matter you earn it [...]

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